Valmiki is revered as the first poet of Sanskrit literature. He was a great sage and author of the epic Ramayana which consists of 24,000 verses and 7 cantos (Kandas) including the Uttara canto.
Valmiki is also known as Maharishi Valmiki and considered as the Adi Kavi i.e. the first poet of Sanskrit language.
Maharishi Valmiki is believed to be the contemporary of Lord Shri Rama which makes it difficult to define the exact timings of his birth as birth era of Lord Sri Rama is also a topic of much debate among modern historians. However his birth anniversary which is also known as his Jayanti is celebrated on Ashwin Purnima as per Hindu lunar calendar.
As per Ramayana, Shri Rama met Valmiki during his period of exile and interacted with him. Later, Valmiki gave shelter to Devi Sita in his hermitage when Rama banished her. Kusha and Lava, the twin sons of Shri Rama were born in his hermitage. Valmiki taught Ramayana to both twins.
Maharishi Valmiki ji was a friend of Ayodhya’s Suryavanshi King Dasharatha. Rishi Valmiki was present in his royal assembly when Rishi Vishwamitra came to take Rama to the forest to kill the Rakshasas. When Dasharatha hesitated to send Rama, Rishi Vasishtha explained to Rama the process of attaining moksha. Valmiki later recited this remarkable spiritual text ‘Yoga Vaasishtha’ also known as Maha-Ramayana.
Later, Rama, Seeta, and Lakshmana left Ayodhya during their vanvasa. When they reached Chitrakoota in present-day Madhya Pradesh state, they met Valmiki with respect and exchanged pleasantries.
After their long travels, they settled in Panchavati, present-day Nashik in Maharashtra state. Thereafter, Rama, Seeta, and Lakshmana visited Pushkara in present-day Rajasthan state to perform shraadha rituals for their departed ancestors. En route, they stopped at the present-day Seetamata Wildlife Sanctuary near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan state. This forest has a Seeta temple, Rishi Bhrigu’s well, and a Valmiki ashrama.
After killing the evil Ravana, Rama and Seeta spend a blissful 10,000 years in Ayodhya. Due to a washerman’s comment to his wife who had stayed at another man’s house, Rama was shattered. Rama gave Lakshmana a choice to either kill him or drop a pregnant Seeta at Rishi Valmiki pious ashrama on the banks of River Ganga at present-day Bithoor in Uttar Pradesh state. There, some children of other learned sages heard Seeta’s weeping and reported back to Valmiki.
Valmiki consoled Seeta, saying he knew who she is, and why she is here and is aware of her innocence. He added that the wives of various Rishis of the ashrama would take good care of her. The ladies made Seeta comfortable with aarti, a traditional welcoming ritual. Seeta asked Valmiki for a way to reunite with Rama. As per his recommendation, she performed the Sanyogi-karana vrata.
Seeta gave birth to twins in the divine environment of the ashrama. With God Brahma’s blessings, Valmiki sat down in yoga and saw all the events of Ramayana as if in real life. He composed the epic Ramayana which he taught the twins Kusha and Lava when they grew up. He also taught them the Vedic scriptures and the secrets of archery.
Back in Ayodhya, Rama decided to perform an Ashwamedha yagna. The meandering horse reached Valmiki’s ashrama on the banks of River Ganga, while he was attending Rama’s Ashwamedha ceremony. Kusha and Lava defeated many stalwarts like Bharata’s son Pushkala, Seeta’s brother Lakshminidhi, Shatrughna, Hanuman, and Sugreeva. The humbled warriors returned to the site of the yagnya with the horse. When Rama heard about the astonishing events at Valmiki’s ashrama, he went to meet the sage. Valmiki disclosed that the talented twins are his sons, and wanted Rama to accept Seeta and his 2 sons.
Rama requested Lakshmana to get Seeta and his 2 sons. Even though Lakshmana stated that Rama now longs for her company, Seeta refused to join him but sent her reluctant sons. Rama was heartbroken to hear about Seeta’s decision but resent Lakshmana. Meanwhile, Valmiki told Kusha and Lava to sing all the shloka they have memorized from the 6 books of his composition of Ramayana. On hearing it, Rama, like many others, shed tears of joy. Rama embraced them firmly to his body.
Meanwhile, Seeta agreed to meet Rama. At the yagnya location, in the presence of other illustrious sages, Valmiki declared that from the powers of his tapasya (austerities) of thousands of years, he can say with confidence that Seeta is pati-vrata (chaste). Rama admitted he knows that but the public scandal forced him to take that decision. Seeta prayed to Bhoomidevi (Goddess Earth) to receive her if she is pure. An extravagant throne emerged from the ground and Seeta willingly descended into Mother Earth’s lap. This is believed to be at the present-day Seeta samahit-sthal between Varanasi and Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh state. There was a continued shower of flowers from the sky.
Maharishi Valmiki’s other ashramas were in present-day:
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